你肯定聽說過「藍海策略」和「紅海策略」。簡單來說,「藍海」是指那些廣泛且尚未有競爭者進入的新市場,而「紅海」則是指那些人潮眾多且特別擁擠的現有市場。
"紅海策略"的獲利方程式:壓低成本、搶佔市佔率、大量傾銷等傳統商業手法。「藍海策略」(Blue Ocean Strategy)就是不完全競爭的市場,這個市場競爭者少或尚未有競爭者。
Due to the low number of entrants, consumers are unable to compare prices, giving businesses the ability to set prices much higher than the cost, resulting in high profits. In this market, businesses need to constantly innovate to attract consumers with differentiation. As long as the product is attractive enough, the business can obtain good profits. (Translated to Traditional Chinese)
許多專家都說創業要有「藍海戰略」,鼓勵創業者擺脫紅海,通過創新產品找到屬於自己的藍海。但是這個世界不是非黑即白,絕大多數時候其實都處於一片汪洋「紫海」之中。因為大部分「藍海」維持不了多久,我們都看到了一個個「藍海」瞬間變紅。例如: 虛擬銀行(Virtual Bank)就是紅變藍再變紅。
紫海戰略/Niche Market:
Niche來源於法語。法國人信奉天主教,在建造房屋時,常常在外牆上鑿出一個不大的神龕,以供放聖母瑪利亞。它雖然小,但邊界清晰,因而後來被引來形容大市場中的縫隙/小眾市場。對創業者,除非你有無限資源,小眾市場(Niche Market)是一個好開始。
小眾市場是更大市場中的一個細分部分,它可以通過其獨特的需求、偏好或不同與整個市場的特性來定義。例如,在女鞋市場中有很多不同的細分或小眾市場。大尺寸女性的鞋子亦可是一個小眾市場。
定義小眾市場的一些最常見方法是基於:
價格(奢侈、中端、低價)
人口統計(性別、年齡、收入水平、教育程度)
品質等級(高級的、手工的、經濟的)
心理學(價值觀、興趣、態度)
Choosing to focus on a niche market is a strategic decision that allows companies to better serve specific customer groups than competitors targeting larger markets. Interpreting new business models, allowing startups to find their own "blue ocean" in the purple sea, does not simply seek completely new and wholly "blue oceans".
Companies need to separate themselves from past innovative ideas and struggle with past business strategies, making it difficult to succeed. To achieve extraordinary success and extraordinary development, it is necessary to be "not normal/super normal" and rely on business model innovation to win in competition. Any aspect of business models, such as information, market, service, concept or network, may be a source of innovation. By owning the resources that may be innovative inside and outside the company, and effectively allocating and using the elements of innovation, it is possible to create new business models and establish unique core competitiveness. For example, the positioning of my IT company is to find suitable business customers to work together to find our blue ocean, and then enjoy the results together.
7個小眾市場/紫海例子: 七个小众市场/紫海例子:
Although you may have already thought of popular products, you can increase your chances of success by starting with "purple ocean strategy" and then deeply searching for suitable markets. Niche markets are just the beginning, you can explore in completely different directions and find other innovative opportunities in each category.
的購物決策日益受重視,許多消費者會選擇環保產品或有環保標誌的產品。
健康與保健。
寵物主人。
LGBTQ+ 社群
旅行者。
遊戲玩家
遠程工作者
"紫海戰略"就是讓在紅海中被遺忘的角落變藍,要通過創新商業模式把"藍色領域"從紅海中分離出來。還要大膽突破市場游戲規則,進行顛覆性創新。
"紫海戰略"有什麼優勢呢?第一是可以保持低成本。這些"藍色領域"是從紅海中發現的,所以原來市場的資源、技術支持、熟悉的用戶偏好,都能夠幫降低產品的成本。
The translation to zh_TW is: 第二個優勢是企業可以開發普及率高的大眾化產品。藍海戰略推出的新產品,往往只能吸引一部分小眾消費者。而紫海戰略選定的用戶呢,是通過紅海用戶優化的,有天然的市場佔有率優勢。
最後一個優勢是,「紫海戰略」有益於中小企業實現戰略突破。新市場的門檻高,一旦中小企業全力投入,遇到風險之後就有可能覆水難收。但是,「紅海市場」是確定存在的成熟市場,無論什麼規模的企業,在自己的領域裡都有獨特的用戶群和領地資源。所以,中小企業在紅海裡,尋找那些競爭少,甚至是沒有競爭的區域,就很有相對優勢。
詹姆斯·黃
商業架構師